Why SQL server powered enterprise geodatabase can do what file geodatabase can not do ?
I don't know why
but you can see the difference
Without Enterprise Geodatabase
Use shape file and/or file geodatabase only
https://transparentgov.net:3200/bingmaps/default?layer_id=31&layer=PARCELS¢er_lat=33.63277560547524¢er_long=-116.16002323341951¢er_zoom=13&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgis.la-quinta.org%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTrackIt%2FTRACKiT_Data%2FMapServer&panto=0
https://transparentgov.net/json2tree/esri/server/folder.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgis.la-quinta.org%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices&org=La+Quinta+CA&_center_lat=33.6634&_center_long=-116.31&_center_zoom=17&select_folder=44&select_layer=1
Enterprise Geodatabase Powered by Microsoft SQL server
https://transparentgov.net:3200/bingmaps/default?layer_id=1&layer=BOE+Permits+Points¢er_lat=34.016026427565414¢er_long=-118.24948333687315¢er_zoom=10&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.lacity.org%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FMapping%2FNavigateLA%2FMapServer&panto=0
https://transparentgov.net/json2tree/esri/server/folder.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.lacity.org%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices&org=Los+Angeles+CA+navigateLA&_center_lat=34.049039&_center_long=-118.246521&_center_zoom=17&select_folder=20&select_layer=1
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/latest/manage-data/windows/workgroup-geodatabases.htm
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/10.3/cloud/amazon/workgroup-geodatabases-used-with-arcgis-server-for-aws.htm
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/latest/manage-data/windows/enterprise-geodatabases-and-arcgis-enterprise.htm
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/10.3/cloud/amazon/enterprise-geodatabases-in-sql-server-in-arcgis-server-on-aws.htm
Different data source must use different SQL query statement.
First you need to know what type of data source you have, see here:
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/2.8/help/mapping/navigation/sql-reference-for-elements-used-in-query-expressions.htm
https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/map/working-with-layers/sql-reference-for-query-expressions-used-in-arcgis.htm
File based geodatabase CAST function failed
https://maps.lacity.org/arcgis/rest/services/Mapping/NavigateLA/MapServer/373/query?where=CAST+%28%22ASSETID%22+AS+VARCHAR%29+like+%27101213%25%27&text=&objectIds=&time=&geometry=&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&relationParam=&outFields=&returnGeometry=true&returnTrueCurves=false&maxAllowableOffset=&geometryPrecision=&outSR=&having=&returnIdsOnly=false&returnCountOnly=false&orderByFields=&groupByFieldsForStatistics=&outStatistics=&returnZ=false&returnM=false&gdbVersion=&historicMoment=&returnDistinctValues=false&resultOffset=&resultRecordCount=&queryByDistance=&returnExtentOnly=false&datumTransformation=¶meterValues=&rangeValues=&quantizationParameters=&featureEncoding=esriDefault&f=html
Enterprise geodatabase, any brand SQL server will auto CAST for you, no need CAST Function
https://maps.lacity.org/arcgis/rest/services/Mapping/NavigateLA/MapServer/3/query?where=GeocodingID+like+%27%257250%25%27&text=&objectIds=&time=&geometry=&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&relationParam=&outFields=*&returnGeometry=true&returnTrueCurves=false&maxAllowableOffset=&geometryPrecision=&outSR=&having=&returnIdsOnly=false&returnCountOnly=false&orderByFields=&groupByFieldsForStatistics=&outStatistics=&returnZ=false&returnM=false&gdbVersion=&historicMoment=&returnDistinctValues=false&resultOffset=&resultRecordCount=&queryByDistance=&returnExtentOnly=false&datumTransformation=¶meterValues=&rangeValues=&quantizationParameters=&featureEncoding=esriDefault&f=html